Hash & Encryption Reference ⚡

⚡ Quick Reference — Common hash algorithms, encryption types, and identification

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Hash Identification

Example	Algorithm	Length
5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592	MD5	32 hex
aaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d	SHA-1	40 hex
2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e...	SHA-256	64 hex
$1$salt$hash	MD5crypt (Linux)	Variable
$5$salt$hash	SHA-256crypt	Variable
$6$salt$hash	SHA-512crypt	Variable
$2a$10$salt...hash	bcrypt	60 chars
aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:hash	NTLM (Windows)	LM:NT format

Hashcat Modes

Mode	Algorithm
0	MD5
100	SHA-1
1400	SHA-256
1000	NTLM
1800	SHA-512crypt ($6$)
3200	bcrypt
500	MD5crypt ($1$)

Common Commands

# Generate hashes
echo -n "password" | md5sum
echo -n "password" | sha256sum
 
# Identify hash type
hashid 'hash_value'
hash-identifier
 
# John the Ripper
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt hashes.txt
john --show hashes.txt
 
# Hashcat
hashcat -m 0 hashes.txt rockyou.txt

Encryption Types

Type	Key	Examples	Use
Symmetric	Same key encrypt/decrypt	AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish	Data encryption (fast)
Asymmetric	Public/Private key pair	RSA, ECC, Diffie-Hellman	Key exchange, digital signatures
Hashing	One-way (no key)	MD5, SHA-256, bcrypt	Integrity verification, passwords

Key Sizes

Algorithm	Key Size	Status
DES	56-bit	❌ Broken
3DES	168-bit	⚠️ Deprecated
AES-128	128-bit	✅ Secure
AES-256	256-bit	✅ Very secure
RSA-2048	2048-bit	✅ Current standard
RSA-4096	4096-bit	✅ High security